裝修「爛尾」起糾紛 仲裁判決顯不公

裝修「爛尾」起糾紛 仲裁判決顯不公
事主兩年前因屋宇維修「爛尾」,而決定透過仲裁處理與工程顧問的糾紛。惟其後發現仲裁過程的對方證人與工程顧問有利益關係,判決結果更顯不公。究竟仲裁判決是否公平公正? 當事人又應如何保障自己? DIC為你整理了有關仲裁的資訊,為你分析仲裁的利與弊。

片段連結:
【有業主藉仲裁處理屋苑糾紛 裁決後揭仲裁員與對方證人關係緊密 仲裁中心:行為不當,但無須除名】 (轉載自有線新聞 CABLE News)
https://youtu.be/2U7ezTEfLcg

裝修爭議應否以仲裁解決?

【仲裁是甚麼?】
仲裁是訴諸法庭訴訟以外另一種排解糾紛的方法,仲裁過程為非公開及保密 。當事人將任命獨立的第三者(一名或多名持牌仲裁員組成的仲裁庭)解決雙方之間的爭議,仲裁判決具法律約束力。

【透過仲裁機構處理解決爭議是否可靠?】
坊間有多間仲裁機構提供仲裁服務,為當事人建議及安排專業調解員、仲裁員及處理仲裁聆訊。
仲裁機構的相關條例指引及處理訴訟方法沒有特定標準,可靠性有待考量,仲裁過程全憑仲裁員的經驗及專業來判斷 ,客戶需審慎判斷其有效性。

【仲裁潛在缺點:】
  1. 仲裁實行 * 「一裁終局制」,缺乏正式及合法的上訴程序* ,落敗一方難以上訴推翻既定仲裁判決。
  2. 缺乏正式及強行性搜證程序,仲裁員可要求證人參與作證及提交證據 ,唯當事人可拒絕提交有關仲裁內容的證據, 中立程度有待商榷。
  3. 欠缺客觀公正性 ,仲裁聆訊沒有法官及陪審團, 僅單靠仲裁員判斷雙方陳述是否合理 ;仲裁員或會存有「代理人意識」, 判決有機會對委任他為仲裁員的一方有所偏頗。
    一般仲裁員採用折衷解決方法而非以公平判決為最終目的
  4. 仲裁費用因案件而定 ,若仲裁員認為未能於預定時間內作出判決, 可自行延長聆訊時間, 雙方需支付額外仲裁費用 。根據一項由企業法律顧問的研究顯示, 平均仲裁時長 15.8月,平均仲裁費用約 HK$ 435,236。
  5. 仲裁費用大多取決於仲裁機構(如有)及仲裁員的收費 ,某些仲裁機構規定仲裁判決後, 落敗一方需支付全數仲裁費用。
  6. 雙方簽署仲裁協議後將 不能到小額錢債審裁處或民事及商業訴訟進行第二次起訴 ,因簽署協議已代表同意仲裁庭判決。

【機構仲裁和臨時仲裁的分別】
機構仲裁:當事人根據仲裁規則, 將糾紛提交給約定的仲裁機構進行仲裁
臨時仲裁:非由仲裁機構管理的仲裁,而是 按照當事人同意的程序及仲裁庭制訂的規則和指示而進行

【了解仲裁程序與細節】
  1. 仲裁前或會進行調解, 調解和仲裁費用是分開收費 。除非雙方同意,一般均不會由調解員擔任同一案件中的仲裁員。
  2. 仲裁雙方 非必須委任律師 代表發言, 可自行提交專家報告或證人供詞。
  3. 正常情況下, 仲裁庭作出裁決時不會裁定任何一方當事人須支付仲裁費用,各方亦不得追討仲裁費用。
  4. 若任何一方泄露或向第三方披露與仲裁內容有關的證據,其證據仍有法律效力 ;而另一方亦可到法庭申請禁制令,禁止對方泄露機密。
  5. 如其中一方 缺席聆訊 ,除非有合理解釋,該方將 未能參與自辯,甚至影響勝訴機會。

【建議的解決爭議方案】
裝修公司及顧客若就裝修事宜辦理訴訟,建議應從小額錢債審裁處或民事及商業訴訟起訴,有認受性之餘,裝修公司及顧客同時亦能受到香港法律所保障。

鳴謝 : 資料來源

有線新聞 CABLE News 2020 年 9 月 20 日 轉載
https://youtu.be/2U7ezTEfLcg

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